A Journey on Malaysian English (Part 1)

In this post, we will learn about how English was brought into Malaysia during the colonial period.

English is a world wide language that can no longer only be identified with a single race or country. Widely used in international diplomacy and commerce, it is also one of the main language used in cultures and subcultures. As from previous post, I've discussed briefly on how English is brought to Malaysia during the colonialism, trade and Christian missionary activities. Now, I'll bring you on the journey on how English was spread in Malaysia.

Back in the late 18th century, the British East India Company had started trading in Malaysia. The British traded in English with the locals with the help of translators. Seeing how abundant our natural resources and spices were available, the rule of British colonialism came soon after that. Obviously, English was the medium of British colonial administration.


The teaching of English was confined to the specially selected group of Malays who are aristocrats. This difference in education target groups resulted the division of the spread of English according to geographical and racial axes. Some said this was done for the purpose to segregate the different races in aid for the continuation of British colonialism.

Later on, the Christian missionaries set up schools to plant the seeds of knowledge among the general populace. The purpose of Christian conversion among the children was carried out in English. However, the missionary schools were only allowed in urban areas among the Chinese and Indians. The Malay Sultanates forbid the missionaries to conduct their activities among the Muslim Malays who mostly lives in rural areas. Thus, English was not widely spoken in Malaysia.

Another reason that contributed to limited English speakers in Malaysia was the restricted location in urban areas and higher fees. Hence, English speakers among the locals were only limited to the rich Chinese and Indians living in the city and the specially selected Malay aristocrats.

Reference: Cultural Diversity Lecture Notes

Question to ponder:
Why would the Malay Sultanates forbid English schools for Malays who live in rural areas? In that case, how come the Malay aristocrats get to study in English schools?